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The cost increase that corresponds to a one-unit increase, produced or sold. In the transport business, the marginal costs are the variable ones that correspond to the cost of one more vehicle or unit of transport that an infrasctructure decides to use.
Its elements include: the operative costs (energy, workforce, maintenance); the infrastructural damages costs (remake of road surface, railways and tracks, and other maintenance costs); the costs of gridlocks and shortage of resources (delays caused by other users and not, etc.); the environmental costs (air, water and acoustic pollution);  the injury costs (damages to things and people and missed production).